Ipilimumab is the prototypical immunomodulatory antibody, approved by the FDA in 2011 for
advanced melanoma on the basis of survival benefit. Since that time, we have made
significant strides in optimizing this therapy: we have characterized the spectrum of immune-
related adverse events and learned how to mitigate them with treatment algorithms,
discovered potential biomarkers of activity, and identified the potential synergy between
checkpoint modulation and other therapeutic modalities. Recent phase I trials have …