MATERIALS AND METHODS

The cases for this review were selected from the files of the Cytology Laboratory and the Lymphoma Service of the Department of Medicine. They fell into 2 general groups:(1) patients whose urinary specimens were sent to our laboratory for cytological examination because of the development of urinary symptoms during cyclophosphamide therapy; or (2) patients followed by cytological examination of the urine from the beginning of treatment, both in the absence and in the presence of urinary symptoms. Cases were discarded from the study if carcinoma involved the urinary tract, if there was simultaneous radiation therapy to kidney or bladder, or if cyclophosphainide therapy was not continued for more than 1 week.