Results

The incidence of CA-AKI among all hospital admissions was 4.3% compared with an incidence of 2.1% of HA-AKI, giving an overall AKI incidence of 6.4%. Patients with CA-AKI were younger than patients with HA-AKI. Risks for developing HA and CA-AKI were similar and included preexisting CKD, cardiac failure, ischemic heart disease, hypertension, diabetes, dementia, and cancer. Patients with CA-AKI were more likely to have stage 3 AKI and had shorter lengths of hospital stay than patients with HA-AKI. Those with CA-AKI had better (multivariate-adjusted) survival than patients with HA-AKI (hazard ratio, 1.8 [95% CI, 1.44–2.13; P< 0.001] for HA-AKI group). Mortality for the CA-AKI group was 45%; 43.7% of these deaths were acute in-hospital deaths. Mortality for the HA-AKI group was 62.9%, with 68.1% of these deaths being acute in-hospital deaths. Renal referral rates were low across the cohorts (8.3%). Renal outcomes were similar in both CA-AKI and HA-AKI groups, with 39.4% and 33.6% of patients in both groups developing de novo CKD or progression of preexisting CKD within 14 months, respectively.

Conclusion

Patients with CA-AKI sustain more severe AKI than patients with HA-AKI. Despite having risk factors similar to those of patients with HA-AKI, patients with CA AKI have better short-and long-term outcomes.