Locus coeruleus activity in monkey: phasic and tonic changes are associated with altered vigilance

J Rajkowski, P Kubiak, G Aston-Jones - Brain research bulletin, 1994 - Elsevier
Impulse activity of individual neurons in the nucleus locus coeruleus (LC) was recorded from
chair-restrained, unanesthetized cynomolgus monkeys. LC activity was closely related to the
behavioral state of the animal. In alert waking, LC neurons displayed continuous,
moderately irregular activity. In contrast, prolonged pauses in activity accompanied
drowsiness. These pauses preceded eye closure and occurred 1–3 s before the onset of
slow-wave EEG. At awakening, LC activation preceded by up to 3 s desynchronized EEG …