Recent advances in 3D imaging technologies provide novel insights to researchers and reveal finer and more detail of examined specimen, especially in the biomedical domain, but also impose huge challenges regarding scalability for automated analysis algorithms due to rapidly increasing dataset sizes. In particular, existing research towards automated vessel network analysis does not always consider memory requirements of proposed algorithms and often generates a large number of spurious branches for structures consisting of many voxels. Additionally, very often these algorithms have further restrictions such as the limitation to tree topologies or relying on the properties of specific image modalities.

We propose a scalable iterative pipeline (in terms of computational cost, required main memory and robustness) that extracts an annotated abstract graph representation from the foreground segmentation of vessel networks of arbitrary topology and vessel shape. The novel iterative refinement process is controlled by a single, dimensionless, a-priori determinable parameter.

We are able to, for the first time, analyze the topology of volumes of roughly 1 TB on commodity hardware, using the proposed pipeline. We demonstrate improved robustness in terms of surface noise, vessel shape deviation and anisotropic resolution compared to the state of the art. An implementation of the presented pipeline is publicly available in version 5.1 of the volume rendering and processing engine Voreen.