Multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 (MRP1) is an important efflux transporter and overexpression of MRP1 usually leads to chemoresistance in breast cancer. Here, we found MRP1 overexpressed in human breast cancer tissues and breast cancer cell lines (compared with normal breast tissues and cell line, respectively). And MRP1 level increased in doxorubicin resistant MCF-7 cells compared with parental MCF-7 cells. Increasing evidences suggest microRNAs (miRNAs) influence chemotherapy response. We found miR-145 level decreased in human breast cancer tissues, breast cancer cell lines and doxorubicin resistant MCF-7 cells, and inversely correlated with MRP1 expression level. In the process of constructing MCF-7 doxorubicin resistant cell line, escalating doxorubicin markedly decreased miR-145 level, following by increased MRP1 level. Further study showed, miR-145 suppressed MRP1 expression by directly targeting MRP1 3′-untranslated regions. Overexpression of miR-145 sensitized breast cancer cells to doxorubicin in vitro and enhanced to doxorubicin chemotherapy in vivo through inducing intracellular doxorubicin accumulation via inhibiting MRP1. Taken together, our study revealed miR-145 sensitizes breast cancer to doxorubicin by targeting MRP1 and indicated the potential application in developing MRP1 inhibitor.