Rationale The main hindrance to long-term success of lung transplantation is bronchiolitis
obliterans syndrome (BOS), generally thought to be a manifestation of chronic allograft
rejection. BOS is associated histologically with epithelial injury, bronchocentric mononuclear
inflammation, and fibrosis of small airways known as bronchiolitis obliterans (BO). Few
studies have directly compared clinical, radiographic, and histologic findings of BOS and
BO, particularly in the era of improved immunosuppression and infection prophylaxis …