Fibrosis denotes excessive scarring, which exceeds the normal wound healing response to
injury in many tissues. Although the extracellular matrix deposition appears unstructured
disrupting the normal tissue architecture and subsequently impairing proper organ function,
fibrogenesis is a highly orchestrated process determined by defined sequences of molecular
signals and cellular response mechanisms. Persistent injury and parenchymal cell death
provokes tissue inflammation, macrophage activation and immune cell infiltration. The …