Innate immune memory: towards a better understanding of host defense mechanisms

J Quintin, SC Cheng, JWM van Der Meer… - Current opinion in …, 2014 - Elsevier
J Quintin, SC Cheng, JWM van Der Meer, MG Netea
Current opinion in immunology, 2014Elsevier
Highlights•Organisms lacking an adaptive immune system can mount resistance to
secondary infections.•NK cells and monocytes have adaptive (memory) characteristics.•
Trained immunity is the term proposed for innate immune memory responses.•Epigenetic
reprogramming is a central mechanism mediating innate immune memory.Innate immunity
is classically defined as unable to build up immunological memory. Recently however, the
assumption of the lack of immunological memory within innate immune responses has been …
Highlights
  • Organisms lacking an adaptive immune system can mount resistance to secondary infections.
  • NK cells and monocytes have adaptive (memory) characteristics.
  • Trained immunity is the term proposed for innate immune memory responses.
  • Epigenetic reprogramming is a central mechanism mediating innate immune memory.
Innate immunity is classically defined as unable to build up immunological memory. Recently however, the assumption of the lack of immunological memory within innate immune responses has been reconsidered. Plants and invertebrates lacking adaptive immune system can be protected against secondary infections. It has been shown that mammals can build cross-protection to secondary infections independently of T-lymphocytes and B-lymphocytes. Moreover, recent studies have demonstrated that innate immune cells such as NK cells and monocytes can display adaptive characteristics, a novel concept for which the term trained immunity has been proposed. Several mechanisms are involved in mediating innate immune memory, among which epigenetic histone modifications and modulation of recognition receptors on the surface of innate immune cells are likely to play a central role.
Elsevier