Background Ceramide is involved in apoptosis, inflammation, and stress responses, which
are among the pathogenic components of chronic heart failure (CHF). However, no one has
documented the levels of ceramide itself in CHF or determined its potential prognostic value.
Methods In this study we recruited patients with heart failure consecutively from the hospital,
of whom 423 stable patients were eventually selected to participate in this study after an
observation period of at least 3 months after hospital discharge. All patents were followed up …