Regulation of the immune response by TGF-β: from conception to autoimmunity and infection

S Sanjabi, SA Oh, MO Li - Cold Spring Harbor …, 2017 - cshperspectives.cshlp.org
Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in biology, 2017cshperspectives.cshlp.org
Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) is a pleiotropic cytokine involved in both suppressive
and inflammatory immune responses. After 30 years of intense study, we have only begun to
elucidate how TGF-β alters immunity under various conditions. Under steady-state
conditions, TGF-β regulates thymic T-cell selection and maintains homeostasis of the naïve
T-cell pool. TGF-β inhibits cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL), Th1-, and Th2-cell differentiation
while promoting peripheral (p) Treg-, Th17-, Th9-, and Tfh-cell generation, and T-cell tissue …
Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) is a pleiotropic cytokine involved in both suppressive and inflammatory immune responses. After 30 years of intense study, we have only begun to elucidate how TGF-β alters immunity under various conditions. Under steady-state conditions, TGF-β regulates thymic T-cell selection and maintains homeostasis of the naïve T-cell pool. TGF-β inhibits cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL), Th1-, and Th2-cell differentiation while promoting peripheral (p)Treg-, Th17-, Th9-, and Tfh-cell generation, and T-cell tissue residence in response to immune challenges. Similarly, TGF-β controls the proliferation, survival, activation, and differentiation of B cells, as well as the development and functions of innate cells, including natural killer (NK) cells, macrophages, dendritic cells, and granulocytes. Collectively, TGF-β plays a pivotal role in maintaining peripheral tolerance against self- and innocuous antigens, such as food, commensal bacteria, and fetal alloantigens, and in controlling immune responses to pathogens.
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