NCD mortality by 2025 (25× 25) and then adopted a set of risk factors and health system targets which, if met, would ensure achievement of the 25× 25 mortality target at all stages of the life course, from childhood to old age. These targets are aligned to those for NCD included in the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development “by 2030, reduce, by one third, premature mortality from NCD through prevention and treatment, and promote mental health and well-being” as specified in Sustainable Development Goals (STG) target 3.4. adopted at the United Nations Summit on Sustainable Development in September 2015 (6, 7) and the WHO 13th General Programme of Work 2019–2023 adopted by the WHA in May2018 (8, 9). Five years after adoption of NCD Action Plan and 3 years after formulation of the STG target 3.4, the WHO Independent High-level Commission on NCD was convened in June 2018 by the WHO Director-General to advise him on bold recommendations on how countries can accelerate progress towards SDG target 3.4 on the prevention and treatment of NCD and the promotion of mental health and well-being. The commission stated that although the number of premature deaths has risen in the years 2000 to 2015, the probability of dying from any one of the four major NCD is declining. This is mainly a result of two factors: a growing population aged 30 to 70 years, and falling mortality in only two categories, CVD and CRD. However, the global rate of decline, 17% between 2000 and 2015, is still not enough to meet the target of a one-third reduction in premature mortality from NCD by 2030, as specified in SDG target 3.4. To date, the most significant reductions in CVD mortality have been achieved through comprehensive tobacco control and comprehensive CVD prevention and treatment programmes (10). Commission gives no comments concerning reduction in CRD mortality which is one of the major NCD sharing common risk factors and responsible for 7% of total mortality. In view of this we decided to analyze CRD mortality trends associated with implementation of therapeutic guidelines and achievements of the life style modifications against major risk factors along the lines of the WHO global monitoring mechanism (11). Since monitoring mechanism has no data on air pollution which plays an important role in the CRD mortality, we used the information from NCD country profiles 2018 regarding the air pollution level as well as some additional information on CRD treatment (1). Lessons learned could be useful to identify whether countries analyzed are on the right track to achieve 25× 25 and SDG 3.4 goals.