Sex differences in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: state of the art and identification of research gaps
Abstract Bone morphogenetic protein 9 (BMP9) is a circulating factor produced by hepatic
stellate cells that plays a critical role in vascular quiescence through its endothelial receptor
activin receptor‐like kinase 1 (ALK1). Mutations in the gene encoding ALK1 cause
hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia type 2, a rare genetic disease presenting hepatic
vessel malformations. Variations of both the circulating levels and the hepatic mRNA levels
of BMP9 have been recently associated with various forms of hepatic fibrosis. However, the …
stellate cells that plays a critical role in vascular quiescence through its endothelial receptor
activin receptor‐like kinase 1 (ALK1). Mutations in the gene encoding ALK1 cause
hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia type 2, a rare genetic disease presenting hepatic
vessel malformations. Variations of both the circulating levels and the hepatic mRNA levels
of BMP9 have been recently associated with various forms of hepatic fibrosis. However, the …