[HTML][HTML] Focus: Nutrition and food science: more of the gut in the lung: how two microbiomes meet in ARDS

S Mukherjee, D Hanidziar - The Yale journal of biology and …, 2018 - ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
S Mukherjee, D Hanidziar
The Yale journal of biology and medicine, 2018ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
In critically ill patients, lung and gut microbiomes undergo profound changes. Lung
microbiome might become enriched with gut-associated microbes as recently demonstrated
in sepsis and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). It has been proposed that in
these conditions, bacteria from the gut might enter the lungs via translocation, a process
facilitated by increased gut and alveolo-capillary permeability. In patients requiring
mechanical ventilation after severe trauma, lung microbiome enrichment with gut-associated …
Abstract
In critically ill patients, lung and gut microbiomes undergo profound changes. Lung microbiome might become enriched with gut-associated microbes as recently demonstrated in sepsis and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). It has been proposed that in these conditions, bacteria from the gut might enter the lungs via translocation, a process facilitated by increased gut and alveolo-capillary permeability. In patients requiring mechanical ventilation after severe trauma, lung microbiome enrichment with gut-associated microbes was found to correlate with the development of ARDS. The lungs in ARDS are increasingly susceptible to opportunistic infections which can further perpetuate alveolar inflammation and injury. Undoubtedly, more research on the gut-lung crosstalk in critically ill patients is needed to identify causal relationships between the altered microbiome, infections, inflammation, and acute lung injury. With further insights, this area of investigation could lead to the development of novel, microbiome-targeted, and immunomodulation strategies with the potential to improve outcomes of critically ill patients with sepsis, trauma, and ARDS.
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