Klippel–Trenaunay syndrome belongs to the PIK3CA‐related overgrowth spectrum (PROS)

H Vahidnezhad, L Youssefian… - Experimental …, 2016 - Wiley Online Library
Experimental dermatology, 2016Wiley Online Library
Abstract Klippel–Trenaunay syndrome (KTS), originally described as a triad of cutaneous
capillary malformation, bone and soft‐tissue hypertrophy, as well as venous and lymphatic
malformations, has been considered by dermatologists as a distinct diagnostic entity.
However, cases with KTS have also been reported to have neurological disorders,
developmental delay and digital abnormalities, indicating multisystem involvement.
Recently, a number of overgrowth syndromes, with overlapping phenotypic features with …
Abstract
Klippel–Trenaunay syndrome (KTS), originally described as a triad of cutaneous capillary malformation, bone and soft‐tissue hypertrophy, as well as venous and lymphatic malformations, has been considered by dermatologists as a distinct diagnostic entity. However, cases with KTS have also been reported to have neurological disorders, developmental delay and digital abnormalities, indicating multisystem involvement. Recently, a number of overgrowth syndromes, with overlapping phenotypic features with KTS, have been identified; these include MCAP and CLOVES syndromes as well as fibroadipose hyperplasia. These conditions harbour mutations in the PIK3CA gene, and they have been included in the PIK3CA‐related overgrowth spectrum (PROS). Based on recent demonstrations of PIK3CA mutations also in KTS, it appears that, rather than being a distinct diagnostic entity, KTS belongs to PROS. These observations have potential diagnostic and therapeutic implications for KTS.
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