The immune system is pivotal in mediating the interactions between host and microbiota that
shape the intestinal environment. Intestinal homeostasis arises from a highly dynamic
balance between host protective immunity and regulatory mechanisms. This regulation is
achieved by a number of cell populations acting through a set of shared regulatory
pathways. In this review, we summarize the main lymphocyte subsets controlling immune
responsiveness in the gut and their mechanisms of control, which involve maintenance of …