Bariatric surgeries, such as Roux-en-Y gastric bypass and vertical sleeve gastrectomy,
produce significant and durable weight loss in both humans and rodents. Recently, these
surgical interventions have also been termed metabolic surgery because they result in
profound metabolic improvements that often surpass the expected improvement due to body
weight loss alone. In this review we focus on the weight-loss independent effects of bariatric
surgery, which encompass energy expenditure and macronutrient preference, the luminal …