Age-related changes in T-cell function are associated with a loss of influenza vaccine
efficacy in older adults. Both antibody and cell-mediated immunity plays a prominent role in
protecting older adults, particularly against the serious complications of influenza. High dose
(HD) influenza vaccines induce higher antibody titers in older adults compared to standard
dose (SD) vaccines, yet its impact on T-cell memory is not clear. The aim of this study was to
compare the antibody and T-cell responses in older adults randomized to receive HD or SD …