Indoxyl sulfate predicts cardiovascular disease and renal function deterioration in advanced chronic kidney disease
CJ Lin, HL Liu, CF Pan, CK Chuang… - Archives of Medical …, 2012 - Elsevier
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Indoxyl sulfate, a protein-bound uremic toxin, was found to be
accumulated in kidney tissues with a reduction in renal function. This, in turn, not only leads
to kidney fibrosis and endothelial dysfunction but also to adverse clinical effects. We
investigated the adverse effects of indoxyl sulfate on clinical outcomes in a study involving
human subjects. METHODS: Seventy pre-dialysis patients were enrolled from a single
medical center. Serum indoxyl sulfate and biochemistry data were measured concurrently …
accumulated in kidney tissues with a reduction in renal function. This, in turn, not only leads
to kidney fibrosis and endothelial dysfunction but also to adverse clinical effects. We
investigated the adverse effects of indoxyl sulfate on clinical outcomes in a study involving
human subjects. METHODS: Seventy pre-dialysis patients were enrolled from a single
medical center. Serum indoxyl sulfate and biochemistry data were measured concurrently …