[PDF][PDF] CD8+ lymphocytes are required for maintaining viral suppression in SIV-infected macaques treated with short-term antiretroviral therapy

EK Cartwright, L Spicer, SA Smith, D Lee, R Fast… - Immunity, 2016 - cell.com
EK Cartwright, L Spicer, SA Smith, D Lee, R Fast, S Paganini, BO Lawson, M Nega, K Easley
Immunity, 2016cell.com
Infection with HIV persists despite suppressive antiretroviral therapy (ART), and treatment
interruption results in rapid viral rebound. Antibody-mediated CD8+ lymphocyte depletion in
simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)-infected rhesus macaques (RMs) shows that these
cells contribute to viral control in untreated animals. However, the contribution of CD8+
lymphocytes to maintaining viral suppression under ART remains unknown. Here, we have
shown that in SIV-infected RMs treated with short-term (ie, 8–32 week) ART, depletion of …
Summary
Infection with HIV persists despite suppressive antiretroviral therapy (ART), and treatment interruption results in rapid viral rebound. Antibody-mediated CD8+ lymphocyte depletion in simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)-infected rhesus macaques (RMs) shows that these cells contribute to viral control in untreated animals. However, the contribution of CD8+ lymphocytes to maintaining viral suppression under ART remains unknown. Here, we have shown that in SIV-infected RMs treated with short-term (i.e., 8–32 week) ART, depletion of CD8+ lymphocytes resulted in increased plasma viremia in all animals and that repopulation of CD8+ T cells was associated with prompt reestablishment of virus control. Although the number of SIV-DNA-positive cells remained unchanged after CD8 depletion and reconstitution, the frequency of SIV-infected CD4+ T cells before depletion positively correlated with both the peak and area under the curve of viremia after depletion. These results suggest a role for CD8+ T cells in controlling viral production during ART, thus providing a rationale for exploring immunotherapeutic approaches in ART-treated HIV-infected individuals.
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