Abstract Galectin-9, a β-galactoside-binding protein, is defined as a negative regulator of T
helper 1 (Th1) immune responses, favoring Th2 bias. Systemic immunity in patients with
metastatic melanoma is predominantly Th2 biased. We hypothesized that galectin-9 can
modulate systemic immunity toward Th2 polarization in patients with advanced melanoma.
The presence or concentration of galectin-9 was assessed in tumors and plasma, in patients
with metastatic melanoma. The immunomodulatory function of galectin-9 was determined by …