[HTML][HTML] Thymic expression of IL-4 and IL-15 after systemic inflammatory or infectious Th1 disease processes induce the acquisition of" innate" characteristics during …

NS Baez, F Cerbán, C Savid-Frontera, DL Hodge… - PLoS …, 2019 - journals.plos.org
NS Baez, F Cerbán, C Savid-Frontera, DL Hodge, J Tosello, E Acosta-Rodriguez, L Almada…
PLoS pathogens, 2019journals.plos.org
Innate CD8+ T cells express a memory-like phenotype and demonstrate a strong cytotoxic
capacity that is critical during the early phase of the host response to certain bacterial and
viral infections. These cells arise in the thymus and depend on IL-4 and IL-15 for their
development. Even though innate CD8+ T cells exist in the thymus of WT mice in low
numbers, they are highly enriched in KO mice that lack certain kinases, leading to an
increase in IL-4 production by thymic NKT cells. Our work describes that in C57BL/6 WT …
Innate CD8+ T cells express a memory-like phenotype and demonstrate a strong cytotoxic capacity that is critical during the early phase of the host response to certain bacterial and viral infections. These cells arise in the thymus and depend on IL-4 and IL-15 for their development. Even though innate CD8+ T cells exist in the thymus of WT mice in low numbers, they are highly enriched in KO mice that lack certain kinases, leading to an increase in IL-4 production by thymic NKT cells. Our work describes that in C57BL/6 WT mice undergoing a Th1 biased infectious disease, the thymus experiences an enrichment of single positive CD8 (SP8) thymocytes that share all the established phenotypical and functional characteristics of innate CD8+ T cells. Moreover, through in vivo experiments, we demonstrate a significant increase in survival and a lower parasitemia in mice adoptively transferred with SP8 thymocytes from OT I—T. cruzi-infected mice, demonstrating that innate CD8+ thymocytes are able to protect against a lethal T. cruzi infection in an Ag-independent manner. Interestingly, we obtained similar results when using thymocytes from systemic IL-12 + IL-18-treated mice. This data indicates that cytokines triggered during the acute stage of a Th1 infectious process induce thymic production of IL-4 along with IL-15 expression resulting in an adequate niche for development of innate CD8+ T cells as early as the double positive (DP) stage. Our data demonstrate that the thymus can sense systemic inflammatory situations and alter its conventional CD8 developmental pathway when a rapid innate immune response is required to control different types of pathogens.
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