Following their activation and expansion in response to foreign threats, many T cells are retained in peripheral tissues without recirculating in the blood. These tissue-resident CD8⁺ memory T (T_RM) cells patrol barrier surfaces and nonlymphoid organs, where their critical role in protecting against viral and bacterial infections is well established. Recent evidence suggests that T_RM cells also play a vital part in preventing the development and spread of solid tumors. Here, we discuss the emerging role of T_RM cells in anticancer immunity. We highlight defining features of tumor-localizing T_RM cells, examine the mechanisms through which they have recently been shown to suppress cancer growth, and explore their potential as future targets of cancer immunotherapy.