Tumor graft models (also known as patient-derived xenografts or PDX) are based on the
transfer of primary tumors directly from the patient into an immunodeficient mouse. Because
PDX mice are derived from human tumors, they offer a tool for developing anticancer
therapies and personalized medicine for patients with cancer. In addition, these models can
be used to study metastasis and tumor genetic evolution. This review examines the
development, challenges, and broad use of these attractive preclinical models. Cancer Res; …