[HTML][HTML] Constitutive interferon signaling maintains critical threshold of MLKL expression to license necroptosis

J Sarhan, BC Liu, HI Muendlein, CG Weindel… - Cell Death & …, 2019 - nature.com
J Sarhan, BC Liu, HI Muendlein, CG Weindel, I Smirnova, AY Tang, V Ilyukha, M Sorokin
Cell Death & Differentiation, 2019nature.com
Interferons (IFNs) are critical determinants in immune-competence and autoimmunity, and
are endogenously regulated by a low-level constitutive feedback loop. However, little is
known about the functions and origins of constitutive IFN. Recently, lipopolysaccharide
(LPS)-induced IFN was implicated as a driver of necroptosis, a necrotic form of cell death
downstream of receptor-interacting protein (RIP) kinase activation and executed by mixed
lineage kinase like-domain (MLKL) protein. We found that the pre-established IFN status of …
Abstract
Interferons (IFNs) are critical determinants in immune-competence and autoimmunity, and are endogenously regulated by a low-level constitutive feedback loop. However, little is known about the functions and origins of constitutive IFN. Recently, lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced IFN was implicated as a driver of necroptosis, a necrotic form of cell death downstream of receptor-interacting protein (RIP) kinase activation and executed by mixed lineage kinase like-domain (MLKL) protein. We found that the pre-established IFN status of the cell, instead of LPS-induced IFN, is critical for the early initiation of necroptosis in macrophages. This pre-established IFN signature stems from cytosolic DNA sensing via cGAS/STING, and maintains the expression of MLKL and one or more unknown effectors above a critical threshold to allow for MLKL oligomerization and cell death. Finally, we found that elevated IFN-signaling in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) augments necroptosis, providing a link between pathological IFN and tissue damage during autoimmunity.
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