Diabetes is a proinflammatory state: a translational perspective

S Devaraj, MR Dasu, I Jialal - Expert review of endocrinology & …, 2010 - Taylor & Francis
Expert review of endocrinology & metabolism, 2010Taylor & Francis
The diabetic state confers an increased propensity to accelerated atherogenesis.
Inflammation is pivotal in atherosclerosis; in addition to the established risk factors,
inflammation appears to play a pivotal role in diabetes and its complications. Evidence for
increased inflammation includes: increased levels of plasma C-reactive protein, the
prototypic marker of inflammation; increased levels of plasminogen-activator inhibitor;
increased monocyte superoxide and proinflammatory cytokine release (IL-1, IL-6 and TNF …
The diabetic state confers an increased propensity to accelerated atherogenesis. Inflammation is pivotal in atherosclerosis; in addition to the established risk factors, inflammation appears to play a pivotal role in diabetes and its complications. Evidence for increased inflammation includes: increased levels of plasma C-reactive protein, the prototypic marker of inflammation; increased levels of plasminogen-activator inhibitor; increased monocyte superoxide and proinflammatory cytokine release (IL-1, IL-6 and TNF-α); increased monocyte adhesion to endothelium; increased NF-κB activity; and increased Toll-like receptor 2 and 4 expression and activity in diabetes. Thus, it appears that both Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes are proinflammatory states and that these could contribute to increased diabetic vasculopathies.
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