[PDF][PDF] Dietary fiber and bacterial SCFA enhance oral tolerance and protect against food allergy through diverse cellular pathways

J Tan, C McKenzie, PJ Vuillermin, G Goverse… - Cell reports, 2016 - cell.com
J Tan, C McKenzie, PJ Vuillermin, G Goverse, CG Vinuesa, RE Mebius, L Macia, CR Mackay
Cell reports, 2016cell.com
The incidence of food allergies in western countries has increased dramatically in recent
decades. Tolerance to food antigens relies on mucosal CD103+ dendritic cells (DCs), which
promote differentiation of regulatory T (Treg) cells. We show that high-fiber feeding in mice
improved oral tolerance and protected from food allergy. High-fiber feeding reshaped gut
microbial ecology and increased the release of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), particularly
acetate and butyrate. High-fiber feeding enhanced oral tolerance and protected against food …
Summary
The incidence of food allergies in western countries has increased dramatically in recent decades. Tolerance to food antigens relies on mucosal CD103+ dendritic cells (DCs), which promote differentiation of regulatory T (Treg) cells. We show that high-fiber feeding in mice improved oral tolerance and protected from food allergy. High-fiber feeding reshaped gut microbial ecology and increased the release of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), particularly acetate and butyrate. High-fiber feeding enhanced oral tolerance and protected against food allergy by enhancing retinal dehydrogenase activity in CD103+ DC. This protection depended on vitamin A in the diet. This feeding regimen also boosted IgA production and enhanced T follicular helper and mucosal germinal center responses. Mice lacking GPR43 or GPR109A, receptors for SCFAs, showed exacerbated food allergy and fewer CD103+ DCs. Dietary elements, including fiber and vitamin A, therefore regulate numerous protective pathways in the gastrointestinal tract, necessary for immune non-responsiveness to food antigens.
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