The development of neurologic disease is a complex and multi-faceted process. Several factors, such as physiology, environment and genetics may play key roles in the manifestation of the associated illnesses. During the past decades, it has become clear that, at the cellular level, mitochondria function as more than “just” an energy source for our cells and plays a significant role in such aspects as neuronal development, maintenance and degeneration. Malfunctions in mitochondrial respiration and ATP production may prove disastrous for our cells and neurons, ultimately resulting in apoptosis, neurodegeneration and consequently, neurodegenerative diseases.