Celiac disease—sandwiched between innate and adaptive immunity

D Stepniak, F Koning - Human immunology, 2006 - Elsevier
Celiac disease (CD) patients are intolerant to gluten, proteins in wheat, and related cereals.
Virtually all patients are human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DQ2 or HLA-DQ8 positive and
several studies have demonstrated that CD4 T cells specific for (modified) gluten peptides
bound to these HLA-DQ molecules are found in patients but not in control subjects. These T
cell responses are therefore thought to be responsible for disease development. Many
immunogenic gluten peptides which may relate to the disease-inducing properties of gluten …