[HTML][HTML] Mitochondria in neuroplasticity and neurological disorders

MP Mattson, M Gleichmann, A Cheng - Neuron, 2008 - cell.com
MP Mattson, M Gleichmann, A Cheng
Neuron, 2008cell.com
Mitochondrial electron transport generates the ATP that is essential for the excitability and
survival of neurons, and the protein phosphorylation reactions that mediate synaptic
signaling and related long-term changes in neuronal structure and function. Mitochondria
are highly dynamic organelles that divide, fuse, and move purposefully within axons and
dendrites. Major functions of mitochondria in neurons include the regulation of Ca 2+ and
redox signaling, developmental and synaptic plasticity, and the arbitration of cell survival …
Mitochondrial electron transport generates the ATP that is essential for the excitability and survival of neurons, and the protein phosphorylation reactions that mediate synaptic signaling and related long-term changes in neuronal structure and function. Mitochondria are highly dynamic organelles that divide, fuse, and move purposefully within axons and dendrites. Major functions of mitochondria in neurons include the regulation of Ca2+ and redox signaling, developmental and synaptic plasticity, and the arbitration of cell survival and death. The importance of mitochondria in neurons is evident in the neurological phenotypes in rare diseases caused by mutations in mitochondrial genes. Mitochondria-mediated oxidative stress, perturbed Ca2+ homeostasis, and apoptosis may also contribute to the pathogenesis of prominent neurological diseases including Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and Huntington's diseases; stroke; amyotrophic lateral sclerosis; and psychiatric disorders. Advances in understanding the molecular and cell biology of mitochondria are leading to novel approaches for the prevention and treatment of neurological disorders.
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