Determination of the metabolic index using the fluorescence lifetime of free and bound nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide using the phasor approach

S Ranjit, L Malacrida, M Stakic… - Journal of …, 2019 - Wiley Online Library
Journal of biophotonics, 2019Wiley Online Library
The fluorescence lifetime of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) is commonly used in
conjunction with the phasor approach as a molecular biomarker to provide information on
cellular metabolism of autofluorescence imaging of cells and tissue. However, in the phasor
approach, the bound and free lifetime defining the phasor metabolic trajectory is a subject of
debate. The fluorescence lifetime of NADH increases when bound to an enzyme, in contrast
to the short multiexponential lifetime displayed by NADH in solution. The extent of …
Abstract
The fluorescence lifetime of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) is commonly used in conjunction with the phasor approach as a molecular biomarker to provide information on cellular metabolism of autofluorescence imaging of cells and tissue. However, in the phasor approach, the bound and free lifetime defining the phasor metabolic trajectory is a subject of debate. The fluorescence lifetime of NADH increases when bound to an enzyme, in contrast to the short multiexponential lifetime displayed by NADH in solution. The extent of fluorescence lifetime increase depends on the enzyme to which NADH is bound. With proper preparation of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) using oxalic acid (OA) as an allosteric factor, bound NADH to LDH has a lifetime of 3.4 ns and is positioned on the universal semicircle of the phasor plot, inferring a monoexponential lifetime for this species. Surprisingly, measurements in the cellular environments with different metabolic states show a linear trajectory between free NADH at about 0.37 ns and bound NADH at 3.4 ns. These observations support that in a cellular environment, a 3.4 ns value could be used for bound NADH lifetime. The phasor analysis of many cell types shows a linear combination of fractional contributions of free and bound species NADH.
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