Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a significant cause of perioperative patient morbidity and
mortality. The definition of AKI has recently changed and further research is underway to
identify clinically relevant biomarkers to aid in the diagnosis of the syndrome. AKI is often
multi-factorial in origin and patients with certain preoperative risk factors are at elevated risk
of perioperative AKI. An anesthesiologist's main objective for perioperative renal protection
is prevention by maintenance of euvolemia, preservation of adequate renal perfusion, and …