Co-activation of μ-and δ-opioid receptors elicits tolerance to morphine-induced ventilatory depression via generation of peroxynitrite
AP Young, RB Gruber, JF Discala, WJ May… - Respiratory physiology …, 2013 - Elsevier
We determined whether pretreatment with (1) the μ-/δ-opioid receptor (μ-/δ-OR) antagonist,
naloxone,(2) the δ1, 2-OR antagonist, naltrindole, or (3) the peroxynitrite scavenger, d-
penicillamine, affects the development of tolerance to the ventilatory depressant effects of
morphine in rats. The injection of morphine in vehicle-pretreated rats decreased minute
ventilation predominantly via decreases in tidal volume. Pretreatment with naloxone blunted
the responses to morphine whereas pretreatment with naltrindole or d-penicillamine did not …
naloxone,(2) the δ1, 2-OR antagonist, naltrindole, or (3) the peroxynitrite scavenger, d-
penicillamine, affects the development of tolerance to the ventilatory depressant effects of
morphine in rats. The injection of morphine in vehicle-pretreated rats decreased minute
ventilation predominantly via decreases in tidal volume. Pretreatment with naloxone blunted
the responses to morphine whereas pretreatment with naltrindole or d-penicillamine did not …
