Polyploid cells, which contain multiple copies of the typically diploid genome, are
widespread in plants and animals. Polyploidization can be developmentally programmed or
stress induced, and arises from either cell-cell fusion or a process known as endoreplication,
in which cells replicate their DNA but either fail to complete cytokinesis or to progress
through M phase entirely. Polyploidization offers cells several potential fitness benefits,
including the ability to increase cell size and biomass production without disrupting cell and …

While several organs in mammals retain partial regenerative capability following tissue
damage, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Recently, the Hippo signaling
pathway, better known for its function in organ size control, has been shown to play a pivotal
role in regulating tissue homeostasis and regeneration. Upon tissue injury, the activity of
YAP, the major effector of the Hippo pathway, is transiently induced, which in turn promotes
expansion of tissue-resident progenitors and facilitates tissue regeneration. In this review …