Over the past decade there has been a greater understanding of genomic complexity in
eukaryotes ushered in by the immense technological advances in high-throughput
sequencing of DNA and its corresponding RNA transcripts. This has resulted in the
realization that beyond protein-coding genes, there are a large number of transcripts that do
not encode for proteins and, therefore, may perform their function through RNA sequences
and/or through secondary and tertiary structural determinants. This review is focused on the …