The beta cell in type 2 diabetes
AA Christensen, M Gannon - Current diabetes reports, 2019 - Springer
AA Christensen, M Gannon
Current diabetes reports, 2019•SpringerAbstract Purpose of Review This review summarizes the alterations in the β-cell observed in
type 2 diabetes (T2D), focusing on changes in β-cell identity and mass and changes
associated with metabolism and intracellular signaling. Recent Findings In the setting of
T2D, β-cells undergo changes in gene expression, reverting to a more immature state and in
some cases transdifferentiating into other islet cell types. Alleviation of metabolic stress, ER
stress, and maladaptive prostaglandin signaling could improve β-cell function and survival …
type 2 diabetes (T2D), focusing on changes in β-cell identity and mass and changes
associated with metabolism and intracellular signaling. Recent Findings In the setting of
T2D, β-cells undergo changes in gene expression, reverting to a more immature state and in
some cases transdifferentiating into other islet cell types. Alleviation of metabolic stress, ER
stress, and maladaptive prostaglandin signaling could improve β-cell function and survival …
Purpose of Review
This review summarizes the alterations in the β-cell observed in type 2 diabetes (T2D), focusing on changes in β-cell identity and mass and changes associated with metabolism and intracellular signaling.
Recent Findings
In the setting of T2D, β-cells undergo changes in gene expression, reverting to a more immature state and in some cases transdifferentiating into other islet cell types. Alleviation of metabolic stress, ER stress, and maladaptive prostaglandin signaling could improve β-cell function and survival.
Summary
The β-cell defects leading to T2D likely differ in different individuals and include variations in β-cell mass, development, β-cell expansion, responses to ER and oxidative stress, insulin production and secretion, and intracellular signaling pathways. The recent recognition that some β-cells undergo dedifferentiation without dying in T2D suggests strategies to revive these cells and rejuvenate their functionality.
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