The proximal tubule of the kidney plays a crucial role in the renal handling of drugs (eg,
diuretics), uremic toxins (eg, indoxyl sulfate), environmental toxins (eg, mercury, aristolochic
acid), metabolites (eg, uric acid), dietary compounds, and signaling molecules. This process
is dependent on many multispecific transporters of the solute carrier (SLC) superfamily,
including organic anion transporter (OAT) and organic cation transporter (OCT) subfamilies,
and the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) superfamily. We review the basic physiology of these …