Breach of tolerance to gluten leads to the chronic small intestinal enteropathy celiac
disease. A key event in celiac disease development is gluten-dependent infiltration of
activated cytotoxic intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs), which cytolyze epithelial cells causing
crypt hyperplasia and villous atrophy. The mechanisms leading to gluten-dependent small
intestinal IEL infiltration and activation remain elusive. We have demonstrated that under
homeostatic conditions in mice, gluten drives the differentiation of anti-inflammatory T cells …