HECT and RING finger families of E3 ubiquitin ligases at a glance

MB Metzger, VA Hristova… - Journal of cell …, 2012 - journals.biologists.com
MB Metzger, VA Hristova, AM Weissman
Journal of cell science, 2012journals.biologists.com
This article is part of a Minifocus on Ubiquitin. For further reading, please see related
articles: ʻUbiquitin and SUMO in DNA repair at a glanceʼ by Helle D. Ulrich (J. Cell Sci.
125, 249-254), ʻEmerging regulatory mechanisms in ubiquitin-dependent cell cycle
controlʼ by Annamaria Mocciaro and Michael Rape (J. Cell Sci. 125, 255-263), ʻThe role of
ubiquitylation in receptor endocytosis and endosomal sortingʼ by Kaisa Haglund and Ivan
Dikic (J. Cell Sci. 125, 265-275), ʻCellular functions of the DUBsʼ by Michael J. Clague et …
This article is part of a Minifocus on Ubiquitin. For further reading, please see related articles: ʻUbiquitin and SUMO in DNA repair at a glanceʼ by Helle D. Ulrich (J. Cell Sci. 125, 249-254), ʻEmerging regulatory mechanisms in ubiquitin-dependent cell cycle controlʼ by Annamaria Mocciaro and Michael Rape (J. Cell Sci. 125, 255-263), ʻThe role of ubiquitylation in receptor endocytosis and endosomal sortingʼ by Kaisa Haglund and Ivan Dikic (J. Cell Sci. 125, 265-275), ʻCellular functions of the DUBsʼ by Michael J. Clague et al.(J. Cell Sci. 125, 277-286), ʻNon-canonical ubiquitin-based signals for proteasomal degradationʼ by Yelena Kravtsova-Ivantsiv and Aaron Ciechanover (J. Cell Sci. 125, 539-548) and ʻNo one can whistle a symphony alone–how different ubiquitin linkages cooperate to orchestrate NF- B activityʼ by Anna C. Schmukle and Henning Walczak (J. Cell Sci. 125, 549-559).
The post-translational attachment of ubiquitin, a highly conserved 76-amino-acid polypeptide, directs myriad eukaryotic proteins to a variety of fates and functions. Ubiquitylation is bestknown for targeting proteins for degradation by the 26S proteasome. Other functions include internalization and lysosomal targeting, modulation of protein interactions, alteration of subcellular distribution, regulation of transcription, DNA repair and propagation of transmembrane signaling, most notably in the NF- B pathway. Not surprisingly, ubiquitylation has been linked to virtually every cellular process.
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