O-GlcNAc cycling: implications for neurodegenerative disorders

BD Lazarus, DC Love, JA Hanover - … journal of biochemistry & cell biology, 2009 - Elsevier
BD Lazarus, DC Love, JA Hanover
The international journal of biochemistry & cell biology, 2009Elsevier
The dynamic post-translational modification of proteins by O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-
GlcNAc), termed O-GlcNAcylation, is an important mechanism for modulating cellular
signaling pathways. O-GlcNAcylation impacts transcription, translation, organelle trafficking,
proteasomal degradation and apoptosis. O-GlcNAcylation has been implicated in the
etiology of several human diseases including type-2 diabetes and neurodegeneration. This
review describes the pair of enzymes responsible for the cycling of this post-translational …
The dynamic post-translational modification of proteins by O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc), termed O-GlcNAcylation, is an important mechanism for modulating cellular signaling pathways. O-GlcNAcylation impacts transcription, translation, organelle trafficking, proteasomal degradation and apoptosis. O-GlcNAcylation has been implicated in the etiology of several human diseases including type-2 diabetes and neurodegeneration. This review describes the pair of enzymes responsible for the cycling of this post-translational modification: O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) and β-N-acetylglucosaminidase (OGA), with a focus on the function of their structural domains. We will also highlight the important processes and substrates regulated by these enzymes, with an emphasis on the role of O-GlcNAc as a nutrient sensor impacting insulin signaling and the cellular stress response. Finally, we will focus attention on the many ways by which O-GlcNAc cycling may affect the cellular machinery in the neuroendocrine and central nervous systems.
Elsevier