Metformin is a first-line antidiabetic agent taken by 150 million people across the world every
year, yet its mechanism remains only partially understood and controversial. It was proposed
that suppression of glucose production in hepatocytes by metformin is AMPK-independent;
however, unachievably high concentrations of metformin were employed in these studies. In
the current study, we find that metformin, via an AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-
dependent mechanism, suppresses glucose production and gluconeogenic gene …