Neurohumoral stimulation
IH Zucker, KP Patel, HD Schultz - Heart failure clinics, 2012 - heartfailure.theclinics.com
Neurohumoral activation has been recognized as one of the hallmarks in the compensatory
response during the development of chronic heart failure (CHF), whatever its origin. 1–4 A
large number of hormonal systems are activated in the CHF state, and virtually all
vasoconstrictor substances are increased, including angiotensin II (Ang II), endothelin-1,
vasopressin, and norepinephrine. In addition, it is now well accepted that potent vasodilator
systems are downregulated in the CHF state. Nitric oxide and its downstream target, cGMP …
response during the development of chronic heart failure (CHF), whatever its origin. 1–4 A
large number of hormonal systems are activated in the CHF state, and virtually all
vasoconstrictor substances are increased, including angiotensin II (Ang II), endothelin-1,
vasopressin, and norepinephrine. In addition, it is now well accepted that potent vasodilator
systems are downregulated in the CHF state. Nitric oxide and its downstream target, cGMP …