New insights into the signaling system and function of insulin in fish

MA Caruso, MA Sheridan - General and Comparative Endocrinology, 2011 - Elsevier
Fish have provided essential information about the structure, biosynthesis, evolution, and
function of insulin (INS) as well as about the structure, evolution, and mechanism of action of
insulin receptors (IR). INS, insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1, and IGF-2 share a common
ancestor; INS and a single IGF occur in Agnathans, whereas INS and distinct IGF-1 and IGF-
2s appear in Chondrichthyes. Some but not all teleost fish possess multiple INS genes, but it
is not clear if they arose from a common gene duplication event or from multiple separate …