Transcellular biosynthesis of eicosanoid lipid mediators

V Capra, GE Rovati, P Mangano, C Buccellati… - Biochimica et biophysica …, 2015 - Elsevier
V Capra, GE Rovati, P Mangano, C Buccellati, RC Murphy, A Sala
Biochimica et biophysica acta (BBA)-molecular and cell biology of lipids, 2015Elsevier
The synthesis of oxygenated eicosanoids is the result of the coordinated action of several
enzymatic activities, from phospholipase A 2 that releases the polyunsaturated fatty acids
from membrane phospholipids, to primary oxidative enzymes, such as cyclooxygenases and
lipoxygenases, to isomerases, synthases and hydrolases that carry out the final synthesis of
the biologically active metabolites. Cells possessing the entire enzymatic machinery have
been studied as sources of bioactive eicosanoids, but early on evidence proved that …
Abstract
The synthesis of oxygenated eicosanoids is the result of the coordinated action of several enzymatic activities, from phospholipase A2 that releases the polyunsaturated fatty acids from membrane phospholipids, to primary oxidative enzymes, such as cyclooxygenases and lipoxygenases, to isomerases, synthases and hydrolases that carry out the final synthesis of the biologically active metabolites. Cells possessing the entire enzymatic machinery have been studied as sources of bioactive eicosanoids, but early on evidence proved that biosynthetic intermediates, albeit unstable, could move from one cell type to another. The biosynthesis of bioactive compounds could therefore be the result of a coordinated effort by multiple cell types that has been named transcellular biosynthesis of the eicosanoids. In several cases cells not capable of carrying out the complete biosynthetic process, due to the lack of key enzymes, have been shown to efficiently contribute to the final production of prostaglandins, leukotrienes and lipoxins. We will review in vitro studies, complex functional models, and in vivo evidences of the transcellular biosynthesis of eicosanoids and the biological relevance of the metabolites resulting from this unique biosynthetic pathway. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled “Oxygenated metabolism of PUFA: analysis and biological relevance”.
Elsevier