The study of the interplay of the generation of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species with
their related antioxidant enzymes at the maternal–placental–fetal interfaces during normal
and abnormal pregnancy is in its 'infancy'. Our understanding of the role of antioxidant
systems during fetal and neonatal development is constantly changing with research better
defining the biological roles of these highly reactive species and the maintenance of optimal
oxidant/antioxidant balance. The antioxidant enzyme system is upregulated during the last …