Mouse lung dendritic cells (LDCs) have been recently shown to contain two major subpopulations: CD103⁺ CD11b^{low or negative} (CD103⁺ LDCs) and CD103⁻ CD11b^high LDCs (CD11b^high LDCs). Although several studies have demonstrated functional differences between them, it is unclear whether the subpopulations induce distinct T helper (Th) cell responses. The present study was conducted to examine whether CD103⁺ and CD11b^high LDCs preferentially generate different Th responses. Naive DO11.10 CD4⁺ T cells were primed with CD103⁺ or CD11b^high LDCs obtained from normal BALB/c mice. The primed CD4⁺ T cells were restimulated, and their cytokine secretions were assessed. The expression of intracellular cytokines and the mRNA levels of chemokine receptors were also measured. We found that the CD4⁺ T cells primed with CD103⁺ LDCs secreted significantly larger amounts of IFN-γ and IL-17A, whereas those primed with CD11b^high LDCs released significantly higher levels of IL-4, IL-6, and IL-10. Intracellular cytokine assay showed that CD103⁺ LDCs induced greater frequencies of CD4⁺ T cells producing IFN-γ and IL-17A, whereas CD11b^high LDCs were more efficient at inducing CD4⁺ T cells producing IL-4 and IL-10. The mRNA levels of CXCR3 and CCR5, which are expressed preferentially in Th1 cells, were significantly higher in CD4⁺ T cells primed with CD103⁺ LDCs. The mRNA levels of CXCR4 and CCR4, which are expressed primarily in Th2 cells, were significantly greater in those primed with CD11b^high LDCs. These data suggest that mouse CD103⁺ LDCs predominantly elicit Th1 and Th17 responses, whereas CD11b^high LDCs primarily provoke a Th2 response under the steady state.