Functional importance of lysyl oxidase family propeptide regions

PC Trackman - Journal of Cell Communication and Signaling, 2018 - Springer
PC Trackman
Journal of Cell Communication and Signaling, 2018Springer
The lysyl oxidase family of proteins is primarily known for its critical role in catalyzing
extracellular oxidative deamination of hydroxylysine and lysine residues in collagens, and
lysine residues in elastin required for connective tissue structure and function. Lysyl
oxidases have additional important biological functions in health and disease. While the
enzyme domains are highly conserved, the propeptide regions are less uniform, and have
biological activity, some of which are independent of their respective enzymes. This review …
Abstract
The lysyl oxidase family of proteins is primarily known for its critical role in catalyzing extracellular oxidative deamination of hydroxylysine and lysine residues in collagens, and lysine residues in elastin required for connective tissue structure and function. Lysyl oxidases have additional important biological functions in health and disease. While the enzyme domains are highly conserved, the propeptide regions are less uniform, and have biological activity, some of which are independent of their respective enzymes. This review summarizes what has been published regarding the functions of the propeptide regions of this family of proteins in the context of extracellular matrix biosynthesis, fibrosis and cancer biology. Although much has been learned, there is a need for greater attention to structure/function relationships and mechanisms to more fully understand these multifunctional proteins.
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