Abstract The 2011 Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) Clinical Practice
Guideline for Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) aims to assist practitioners caring for adults and
children at risk for or with AKI, including contrast-induced acute kidney injury (CI-AKI).
Guideline development followed an explicit process of evidence review and appraisal. The
guideline contains chapters on definition, risk assessment, evaluation, prevention, and
treatment. Definition and staging of AKI are based on the Risk, Injury, Failure; Loss, End …

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is an increasingly common clinical problem faced by nephrologists
and intensivists, as well as general physicians and surgeons. AKI is associated with adverse
outcomes both in the short and long term with chronic kidney disease (CKD) being
increasingly recognised as a common sequela of AKI. In an analysis of 19,982 consecutive
admissions in a single centre in Boston, USA, AKI was significantly associated with mortality,
length of stay and healthcare cost [1]. Elevations in serum creatinine were common, affecting …