Incomplete spiral artery remodelling is the first of two stages of pre-eclampsia, typically of
early onset. The second stage comprises dysregulated uteroplacental perfusion and
placental oxidative stress. Oxidatively stressed syncytiotrophoblast (STB) over-secretes
proteins that perturb maternal angiogenic balance and are considered to be pre-eclampsia
biomarkers. We propose that, in addition and more fundamentally, these STB-derived
proteins are biomarkers of a cellular (STB) stress response, which typically involves up …