Clinical prognostic factors in lupus nephritis: the importance of hypertension and smoking

MM Ward, S Studenski - Archives of internal medicine, 1992 - jamanetwork.com
Background.—Many previous studies of the influence of sociodemographic and clinical
factors on the development of renal failure in patients with lupus nephritis have been based
on selected subgroups of patients and have yielded conflicting results. We sought to
determine the prognostic importance of patient demographic characteristics (age, gender,
race, and socioeconomic status), smoking status, and hypertension in the development of
end-stage renal disease (ESRD) among patients with lupus nephritis. Methods.—This …